Subgenres
Atompunk
Atompunk is a retrofuturistic subgenre of science fiction that focuses on the Atomic Age of the post-World War II period, specifically the 1950s and 1960s. It imagines a future that could have been, based on the hopes and fears of that era, with atomic energy as the dominant force shaping technology, culture, and society.
Atompunk often explores themes like the Cold War, the space race, nuclear paranoia, and technological optimism, and its aesthetic is heavily influenced by "Googie" or "Populuxe" design, characterized by streamlined forms, vibrant colors, and a sense of optimism about the future.
Biopunk
Biopunk is a subgenre of science fiction that focuses on biotechnology and its potential consequences. It explores a world where genetic engineering, synthetic biology, and other forms of biohacking have become widespread, often in the hands of corporations or individuals with questionable motives.
Biopunk stories typically feature themes of body modification, genetic manipulation, and the blurring of lines between organic and synthetic life.
Clockpunk
Clockpunk is a subgenre of science fiction that imagines a world where advanced technology is powered by clockwork mechanisms, springs, and gears. It often draws inspiration from the Renaissance and Enlightenment eras, envisioning a world where intricate clockwork contraptions are used for everything from transportation to communication.
Clockpunk stories often explore themes of invention, automation, and the relationship between humans and machines. The aesthetic is characterized by intricate mechanisms, gears, and clockwork devices, often with a handcrafted and artisanal feel.
Dieselpunk
Dieselpunk is a genre of speculative fiction and aesthetic that fuses the technology and style of the early-to-mid 20th century with futuristic or alternate history themes. Drawing inspiration from the diesel-based engines of the World War eras, it often features a gritty, industrial atmosphere, blending retro-futurism with themes of war, authoritarianism, and technological advancement.
Hydropunk
Hydropunk is a subgenre that revolves around water as a primary resource and driving force behind technology and culture. Set in societies where water is central to survival, energy production, and urban development, Hydropunk explores innovative aquatic technologies, such as hydro-powered machines, floating cities, and the ecological and social challenges of living in water-rich or water-scarce environments.
Mythpunk
Mythpunk takes traditional myths, folklore, and legends and reimagines them through a modern, subversive lens. It blends the ancient and the contemporary, challenging conventional narratives and exploring themes of identity, transformation, and the intersection of old and new worlds. Often infused with surrealism, it reinterprets classical stories with a focus on chaos, rebellion, and unconventional protagonists.
Nanopunk
Nanopunk is a genre that focuses on the use of nanotechnology in a dystopian or speculative future. It imagines a world where nanobots and molecular manipulation have transformed society, often in ways that blur the lines between biology and technology. In Nanopunk settings, themes of control, surveillance, bioengineering, and the potential dangers of nanotech are prevalent, with a focus on the microscopic scale of technological change.
Raypunk
Raypunk is a retro-futuristic genre inspired by mid-20th century science fiction, particularly from the 1940s-1960s. It draws from the imagery of atomic age optimism, space exploration, and the early days of the space race. Featuring rayguns, robots, and colorful sci-fi aesthetics, Raypunk presents a world where the future is powered by atomic energy, advanced space technology, and visions of a utopian yet often dangerously naive future.
Solarpunk
Solarpunk envisions a future where society has embraced sustainable, eco-friendly living powered by renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydro. With a focus on environmental harmony, social justice, and resilience, Solarpunk highlights green architecture, community-driven innovation, and a positive, hopeful vision of the future where humanity has successfully mitigated the environmental crises of the present.
Steampunk
Steampunk is a genre that combines Victorian-era aesthetics with steam-powered technology and speculative elements. Set in an alternate history or a reimagined past, it imagines a world where steam engines and mechanical inventions dominate everyday life, blending the elegance and style of the 19th century with futuristic or fantastical concepts. Themes of adventure, exploration, and the rise of scientific wonders are central to Steampunk narratives.
For more information about the genres above and to discover other related genres, explore the links below.